Cylinder Liners – Sleeves, made of grey cast-iron, ought to have desired casting and machining qualities, viz. strength, toughness, hardness and wear resistance. These are mainly of two types – Dry liner-sleeves and Wet liner-sleeves.The liners-sleeves are ‘cast-in fit’, force (press) fit or slip fit. The interference between its outer diameter and bore-hole walls depends on fit-type from 0.050 to 0.075 mm. These are available in wide range suitable for light, medium and heavy duty application.

WET CYLINDER LINERS Air cooled cylinder barrels made from special " Shell Moulding Process" cause wear resisting close grained iron casting and this ensures long life and efficient cooling

The material used in pistons should have good cast ability like high strength, high hot strength, high strength-to-mass ratio, good resistance to surface abrasion, good thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion

VALVES Inlet mace from chrome-silicon alloy steel and exhaust from chrome-nickel-silicon alloy steel ( to operate under high temperature and high stress conditions). Valves are also supplied with liquid nit riding process or hard chrome plating which increases the surface hardening of the Stem. This improves resistance to corrosion with consequent sliding ease.

The guides are usually made of cast iron by casting process. Sometimes, shoulder bushes are provided to position the guide in cylinder head. The Valve-Guides are also available in Brass material for certain applications.